2.
   2024
/   
 
(       -II)
 : 3     :60
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            '     
?
2.   '   
()  
()   
(c)      
 -
3. ,      ?        
4.         ;
() 
2.
()    
()  
()   
 -
5.            
6.    
 ?       
-
7.   '   :
()     
()          
(c)        
8.            
2.
   2024
/   
 
(       -II)
 : 3     :60
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            '     
?
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆     ?
        , ,     
     ,           ' 
                 
   
  :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  , ,       ,    
 
 :
   
      
     
     
 ,    
    
  
2.
󻦠󻦡󻦢󻦣󻦤󻦥󻦦󻦧󻦨     
 ?
     '     :
    
  '   
      
   
   
 ,             ,  
     
 
󻑊󻑋󻑌  '            
                
󻑊󻑋󻑌1. 
         
    '      
  
    :
  
 
     
     
 
    
 
   
 :  ,   ,  
󷊣󷊤2.   (, , , )
2.
 ,     ,        
  :
    , 
  ,   
    
    
 :,  ,    (  )
󺬫󺬨󺬩󺬪3.       
2.
        ,        
  :
  ( )
    
     
   
 :  ,  (  ),   
2.
󷐝󷐞󷐟󷐠󷐡󷐤󷐢󷐣4. 
      ,      
  :
  
  
 

 :   ,   ,   
󷍫󷍬󷍭󷍮󷍯󷍰󷍱󷍲󷍳󷍴󷍵󷍶󷍷󷍸5.      
2.
    '           
  :
 , ,  
   
   ()
     
 : (  ),   ,   
󷐃󷐄󷐅󷐆󷐇󷐈6.     
2.
           
  :
 
    ()    
2.
     
   
 :  , ,   
󽁔󽁕󽁖      
   :
1.     
      :    
2.     
       :   -  
󼬳󼬴󼬵󼬶󼬸󼬷󼬹      '  
     :
 
 
   
   ( )
 ( )
   ( )
,       '   
󷩡󷩟󷩠     
 ,          (FSSAI) 
              
      
    :
FSSAI  
 ( )
ISI  ( )
2.
󷊆󷊇
               
           
  ,
, , ,          ' , , ,
 ,         
    
 ,    
     
     ,      ,   
                
  ,      
2.   '   
()  
()   
(c)      
: ()1.    
               
   , ,           
           
       
   
           ,    
  ,      ,       
            -  :
       -    ,    
  ,   '      
2.     
            
 :
       : ,      
 
   : ,      
   :          
  :             
2.
   :          '
  , 
         
3.     
        (FSSAI)    
        -        
 :     ' ,  ,     
     
   :     
      
    
:  ,  ,       
    
     
        ,  
  
          
4.       
:      -    
  :         
    :       
 
  :  ,          
  :         ,  ISI 
   
5.     
      
 -    '     

 :        
   :         
  :           
  :         
  :       
 
  ,          -    ,
    
6.        
     ,       

2.
   :           
    :           
    :          


      :     '       

 
7.  
       
   ',    (WHO
 FAO    )      -
          ,     
        
 ,            
    
8.    
      ,       
  :   
       
 
 : ,            
 
 :  ' QR         
   
 :         

            
   
 
   ,          , FSSAI 
      
 ,     
   
2.
()   
:  :   
      
 -             
 ,                 
 
      -           
   
           , 
   ,       
1.    
         
      - ,
, , , ,    -   
        ,    , 
 ,      ,         
 ,      
 
2.     
()   
      
: , , , , 
     50-60%   
() 
  ,       
: , , , , , 
     10-15%   
() 
  ,    ,      
: , , , 
     20-30%   
()  
        
: , , , 
:     ,     
 
2.
(e) 
  ,    ,     
:  (),  (),  ()
(f)  
        
:  ,  , 
(g)  
,     
    2-3       
3.     
        ,     
 
,    
 
             
       
  ,         -    (
)  ,   ()    
4.       
() 
        
, ,     
()  
         
       
() 
        
,             
()   
2.
 ,       
        
 
5.       
  :         
   : , ,   , 
    : , / , 
:       , ,  
6.      
  :         
  :        
    :  (   )   (   )
     
    :  (  )    (  )  
 
7.         
    
         
   
 '      -   
    ( ,    ,    )

     
   
       
     ,  -     ,  
  :     ,  ,       
(c)      
:1.   
               - ,
, , , ,    -        
2.
 -            
 
 ,          ,  
         
    , , , ,       ,
      
  ,          -     
 ,             
2. 
               
 
      
 
-  (, , ), ,     
       - , ,   ,
 - 
     , 
  ,     
  ,       
 
3. 
              
             
  '       ,      
         
    '        ,   ,  
  
   
         
4.      
               
     
   ,    ,        
      
          -  ,   
        
5.   
2.
       ,      
  
               
          
 -   (     ,    ) 
    
    
 -      
6.   
              
              
   -          
   
7.      
            
    , 
      
            
          
        , ,  
8.  
           
   ,    ,        
 
        -     ,    
  
  
        
9.   
         
   ,       
       
  ,        
   ( ,  ,  )    
2.
           
  :       
   : , ,   , 
, 
  :      
    : ,   ,  , 
  , ,     
 

    , , , , , ,   
             
 - 
  ,      
 -
3. ,      ?        
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆1.   
2.
    ?
                 
 '     ,    ,         
              
         ,    ,  
      ,   ,      
                
     
       
 (     )
  
   
, , 
    
    (, , )
   ()
     

, , 
    
         :
     
      
   (  )
      
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   =    
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌2.   
2.
    ?
             ,  
, 

,     
         
 
       , , ,     ,
  ,               
          
         
     
    
  
   
  
  (  )
     (  )

 
    
 
          
  (, )
2.
  
  
   ()

   
    
      :
 (  )
 


 
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   =   
󻑾󻑿󻒀󻒁󻒂3.   
    ?
                   '
        
      
  
                 
 
            ,   
 
             
     
  :
1.     
-      :

 
 
   (  )
   ()
2.
  
...
2.    
-       :

  


 
 
  
 
 
    
      :
  
    
   
      
    
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   =   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
  



 
 
,   
 


 
, 

   
 
 

  


󷊻󷊼󷊽  (      )
2.

          :
      
      
      
             
  , ,   '          
 -     ,  -    -   
 
󽆤: ,               
, ,       
     
   ,        ,      
              

 
4.         ;
() 
()    
()  
()   
:      
()     
 
               
 
 ,    ,  ,        
         ()    ,  
       ,     '  '   :
2.

 
   
     
        :
1.       
2.      
3.    
4.  
     
1.      
     
   (ORS)
 
  
       

   
            
2.        
  ,      :
   
 
 (    )
   

(
)
  
2.
   '         
3.         
    '   
 :
 (  )


(  )


     
     :
 
  
 (    )
 
  
   
         
 
     
   '     :
  1:   (ORS,  )
  2:  (, , 
)
  3:  ( )
     
   
   
2.
    
 
  (   )
 ,    ,  ,     -   '
 
()      
  
                 ' 
         
 :
  

  
          
      
     :
1.   
2.    
3.    
4.      
    
   ,         
   , 
      
    :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  5    ( 1 )
2.
      
1.   
     ,    
 :







2.    

 
 

            
3.     




  

4.  


  
  
2.
       
      
1.     



 
 
 
2.     
  

   
3.  
      
 
4.    
   
 
   
     DASH  (     )

   :
  
 
 
 
2.
 
       
- 
  '  
   
   
 ,     ,  ,   -  '
  
()      
  
              ,  
  ,             '   , 
     
 ,       
      
        :
1.   
2.     
3.  
4.    
5.  
      
 ?
   
           ,  
   
2.
   :

 
  
  

...
 
      
1.    

    :


 
 
  
  
2.     
   
:






3.     
     :
 
2.

  


4.      
   :
 



 
      
      
  
 
 
 
 
   '  
 
     
-       
    
 :
 1-2    
  3-4 
   
  
2.
  :    :     :  
 ,     , ,     '  
()       
   
          ()     
  :
  
   
       :




        
     
     :
1.    
2.    
3.  
4.    
     
         
     
 
     
 ,        
2.
      
1. -    
      :
 

 



  
2. 
  -:


 



    
3.    
     :







2.
4.  


  
  
    
 
   
   :





  :


 (  )
     
1.    



   


2.     
 
2.

  (  )

3.      
 
  
4.       
      
    
        
   :
- - 
  
 
:        
   
      :
 GI → 
 GI → 
GI → 
 GI  : , ,  GI  : ,  
    
        +    
 
2.
        
  ,  
  
  
 
   
 ,     ,     '   
 -
5.            
:        
               , 
          -     
               , 
--   ,          
 
1.  (0-2  )
     :   ,       '
             
 
   :
o 
       
o     
o             
 
:       
      
 ,           
2.   (2-6  )
     :          
            
   :
o     -  
2.
o     
o      
o , ,       
:          
   
,
         
3.   (6-12  )
     :        ,
       
   :
o    
o    '   
o     
      
o       
:         ,  
    
4.   (12-18  )
     :        

        
   :
o     
o        
o -    -   
o          
:   -       
           
5.           
    : ,       
 
  :  ,       
 : , ,    
    : , -      
6.     
   
      
 -          
     :
  -  
2.
      
    
     

           ,   
    ,        ,    
            '   ,
    '   
 
6.    
 ?       
:󷊆󷊇   
 
1.        
   ,   ,     ,       
          ,     ,
   '    
 ,         '  ,      
   -               
         
 
2.       (  )
 
,    ,           
    ,   ,   --   
        
     
            
 
 ,        
     
 -   ,
  
2.
3.         
   
             
              
    , , ,      
  
   
       ,      
      -  
4.        

     ,   ,        
  ,            
 , -       ,     
       
5.         
     , ,    
 
             
 
        
      
6.        
        
 ,           
    
               
  -   
󷙐󷙑󷙒󷙓󷙔󷙕     
2.
                -  
  
1.   ( )
        
: ,  ,  ,  , 
 :
  
 
    
      
2.   
  ,   
  
 
:  , LEGO,   , ,   
 :
    


3.       
        
:  , -, -, 
 :

 
  
2.
4.    ( )
       
:  ,  ,  
 :
  
 
 
5.    ( )
     
:  ,    ,    
 :


-
6.      
         
:  , , , 
 :

  
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
      
 -          
,
   ' ,   ' ,   ' ,   '
2.
    '         
        
-   , , , , ,  -
        
     
             
       :
"   "
-
7.   '   :
()     
()          
(c)        
:()     
      ,       
 
          ,  
         ,      
  , ,      
1. 
        ,       ,
               ,   '
      ,          
       
,   ,     
                

2.     (        )
       ,  -  (PIH)
            ,     
     ,  -     ,   ,
2.
            ,    
 
3.   
                 
 
             
  
       
       ,  
   ,   ,             
  
4.     
     , ,      
              
 ,            ,  
           
5.  
    20       , ,
 ,             '
         
 
6.   
    ,         
 ,      ,   '    
   
              
    
7.     
        37            
         ,       
         , , ,     
8.   
        (     )  
 (    )         
        
9.   
2.
  , , ,        

         ,        
    
10.    
     
  ,    
,     ,          
           
  ,     , , ,    
         ,  , ,   
      
()          
                    
  40             : 
,  ,           
 
1.    (0-2 )
     ,        -     
    
          
  :
       
   
   
   ( ) 
 
     
          
  '     ,    
    
    
         
    
2.
2.   (3-8 )
           
    
           
    :
      
     
      (    )
,          
      

    ,   , , ,     
                

    :
2–3 ..
      
       
 
3.   (9  - )
8  ,            ,    '  
   '   
    :
   (9-20 )
 
    ()
     
    
     
       (21-30 )
     
     
2.
 
     
      (31-40 )
     
    
     
      
  ,            
     
  ,             
        ,         
  
(c)        
             - ,   ' 6
       6  ,           
,         
            
   
 
6  :
    
    
       
      
 
   ,   ,        
       
1.        
2.
    , , ,       
     6   
       
   '  
2.      
                
 
 ,       
 
3.         
-             
   -      
4.   

    
    
    
 ,          
5.   
                   
        
6.       
-             
      -    
7.      
-           , -   
   
          
        :
    
  
   
-   
  '   
2.
   :
   (, )
 

  
  
 

        
        :
  
    
-    
-     
    
     
   (4-5   )       
 ,       (8-9  )       

      
     :
  
    
 
 
2       
          
2.
8.            
:   
      
  " "    ,   ,      
      -         ,    
      
,  , ,    
'           
   - 
  '         
1.     
()   
  ,          , , 
,             

     -   ,  ,   - -
   
()    
                
-    
 ,    ,     
     ,      
 
()     
              
,                
,      , 
 
()    
    
   
,   , ,   
      ,         
  
(e)    
         ,   ,   
,      ,    ,     
  
  ,     
 -     
2.
2.    
 -       ,          
  
()  
  ,  , , ,      
, ,       
:     
()   
  , ,     
-,       
:    ,  ,   
()       
 -           
  ,        
: "" ,     ,      
(d)   
        
,     
 
: -      
(e)   
   ,      '  
-,       
:          
(f)  
   :     -        
        
:    -  
        
(g)  
  ,        
,     
 
2.
: , ,     
(h)  
  - , , ,    -      
  
       
: ,   ,     
3. -      
               
   ,      ,      ,
            
        

    
 -          , , 
                 ,
        
 
"                 
 
          ,         
 "